勘查地球化学近十年进展

A Decade of Exploration Geochemistry

勘查地球化学近十年的进展主要体现在以下几个方面:(1)区域地球化学勘查与批量矿床的发现。特别是开展了区域地球化学填图或调查工作,圈定了几万个异常,带动了一批新矿床的发现;(2)全球尺度地球化学基准建立。经过国际合作研究,中国、欧洲、美国和澳大利亚已经初步建立了覆盖本国的地球化学基准网,为研究未来全球化学变化奠定了基础;(3)深穿透地球化学微观迁移机理研究取得重大认识,发明了系列覆盖区穿透性地球化学勘查技术;(4)发现地球化学块体与大型矿集区之间存在很好的对应关系,发现所有的已知矿集区都位于地球化学块体的范围之内,地球化学块体为矿集区的形成提供了丰富的物质基础;(5)勘查地球化学技术在一些危机矿山深部及外围找矿中发挥了重要作用;(6)在盆地砂岩型铀矿地球化学勘查理论与技术取得进展。未来发展主要集中在以下三个方面:(1)在微观尺度上,从纳米水平和分子水平研究地球化学迁移机理与覆盖区找矿技术;(2)在全球尺度上,致力于全球地球化学基准建立与全球变化研究;(3)在区域尺度上,继续开展区域地球化学填图与成矿带地球化学评价工作。

The main achievements in exploration geochemistry of the past decade are. （1） Regional geochemical map- ping has led to delineation of a large number of geochemical anomalies and discoveries of hundreds of mineral depos- its. （2）Progress on establishment of global geochemical baselines in being made. The nation-wide reference net- works of geochemical baselines, which provides fundamental data for quantifying the future global chemical changes on the Erath, have been established in Europe, China, USA and Australia. （3） Deep-penetrating geochemistry has been better understood and penetrating geochemical methods for exploring the covered mineral deposits have been developed. （4） Concept of geochemical blocks was proposed for quantitative assessing giant ore deposits or ore de- posit clusters, （5） Geochemical exploration has played an important role in discovering deep-seated ore bodies at closure mines, （6） The progress has been made in geochemical exploration for sandstone-type uranium deposits. The present and the future researches focus on. （1） understanding of element migration from the point of view of nanoscale and molecular levels, （2） documenting global geochemical baselines and changes, （3） regional geochemi- cal mapping for mineral resources and environments.