汉译佛经领属关系词“所/许”的来源与形成

On the Origin and Development of the Genitive Markers suo/xu (所/许) In Chinese Buddhist Sutra

汉译佛经比较多见的领属关系词"所/许"的性质及来源是学界曾经关注的问题之一。本文在分析"所/许"结构类型的基础上,讨论了此前关于领属关系词"所/许"来源的观点,认为表示领属的"所/许"源于处所词"所/许","许"是"所"的变体,"所"并非形成于"所有"的省略;论证了领属关系词"所"和"许"形成的机制与过程,并认为其演变的促动因素与空间表达式包含的典型领属特征有关。领属关系词"所/许"是译经比较特殊的语言现象,其产生可能有源语言影响的因素。

Based on a detailed analysis of Chinese historical literature,this paper probes into the origin and the developmental process of the genitive markers suo/xu(所/许) frequently appeared in Chinese Buddhist sutra,observing that the genitive marker suo(所),with xu(许) as its variant,originated from the locative suo(所).This paper also discusses the mainstream opinions on the formation of suo/xu(所/许) before putting forward the argument that the genitive marker suo/ xu(所/许) is motivated by the potential possessive features in the locative expression with suo as its locative particle.The genitive marker suo/xu(所/许) is a unique grammatical morpheme in Chinese Buddhist sutra compared with the grammar of the standard Chinese language,which may be an influence of source languages via translation.