晚清中国外交困局的回顾与反思——以天津教案为例

On the Review and Rethinking of the Diplomacy Dilemmas in Late Qing Dynasty——Based on Tianjin Massacre

在近代诸多教案中,曾国藩亲自处理的有两起,其中以1870年发生的天津教案为典型。该起教案最终以惩凶赔款的方式结束,一向被作为屈辱外交的案例写进历史。但从更宏大的视野来看,天津教案不仅说明了曾国藩个人在中外交涉事件中的能力局限性,更重要的是揭示了晚清中国外交所面临的一系列困局。只有对这些困局进行深入的挖掘,才能对天津教案以及整个晚清外交有更完整和深刻的了解,同时也为当代中国外交事务的处理提供启示。

In the modem Chinese anti- imperialist patriotic movement, ＂religious cases＂ or ＂anti -foreign religion movement＂ that to oppose the foreign church aggression and domination lasted for more than seventy years. In many humiliating religious cases, Zeng Guofan personally handled the 1868 Yangzhou Massacre and the 1870 Tianjin Massacre. And Tianjin Massacre was written into history as a humiliating diplomacy representative, which was ended up in a compromise and capitulation way. Howeverj from a wider perspec- tive, Tianjin Massacre not only illustrates the personal capacity limitations of Zeng Guofan in the event of Chinese and foreign diploma- cy, but also reveals the diplomacy dilemmas in the late Qing Dynasty. In order to understand Tianjin Massacre and the whole diplomacy situation of the late Qing Dynasty completely, we have to research all those diplomacy dilemmas, which provide reference for the han- dling of contemporary foreign affairs.