试析《论语》中的反思思想

Analysis of Reflection Theory in The Analects

一般认为,哲学是一门关于反思的学科。这种反思,在中西方哲学体系中都占有重要地位。就传统儒家哲学而言,哲学的反思着重于德性生命的自我省察,即反省或自省。在《论语》中主要体现为两个方面:一是以己为据的道德省察,即通过反思自身言行来审视并完善德行修养;二是以人为鉴的道德反观,即通过他人的言行来反观自身,做到"见贤思齐焉,见不贤而内自省也"。简言之,反思的传统在先秦儒学体系中占据着德行修养方法论的主体作用。

Generally think that philosophy is a discipline about reflection. This kind of reflection plays an important role in the field of both Chinese and western philosophy. It focuses on self-censorship of moral life in traditional Confucian philosophy. In The Analects, it presents in two aspects： one is the moral examination of self behavior, which improve and perfect one＇s cultivation in morality by examine self behavior; On the other hand is by the moral examination of other＇s behavior to improve and perfect cultivation in morality, to achieve that ＂When we see men of worth, we should think of equaling them; when we see men of a contrary character, we should turn inwards and examine ourselves.＂ In short, the tradition of reflection in Pre-Qin Confucianism is the main methodology of cultivation in morality.