鄱阳湖越冬水鸟种群变化动态

Population Dynamics of Wintering Waterbirds in Poyang Lake

鄱阳湖是东亚-澳大利西亚候鸟迁徙路线上重要的越冬地,开展鄱阳湖越冬水鸟种群变化动态研究,对指导鄱阳湖湿地生境管理,尤其是水位管控具有重要意义。2005～2007年的越冬季节,我们对鄱阳湖国家级自然保护区内3个重要湖泊(大湖池、沙湖和梅西湖)的越冬水鸟种群变化动态进行了调查,调查时间为每年10月至次年4月。3年共记录到水鸟53种,隶属于7目13科。3个越冬季节中单个调查日种类的最低值为9种,最高为31种。鄱阳湖越冬水鸟从10月上旬开始出现,在11月份鸟类数量急剧增加,在12月上旬和中旬达到数量峰值,然后开始缓慢减少,至4月初仅有少于1%的鸟类还停留在监测区域。在鄱阳湖要继续深入开展越冬候鸟空间分布动态变化的研究,分析水文节律变化对越冬鸟类生境的潜在影响,并深入研究气候因子与鄱阳湖越冬水鸟迁徙的关系。

Poyang Lake is an important wintering site for migratory birds along the East Asia-Australian Flyway.To further understand the population dynamics of wintering waterbirds at Poyang Lake,comprehensive investigation were conducted in three lakes,Dahuchi,Shahu and Meixihu in Poyang Lake National Nature Reserve.Surveys were conducted in the winter of 2005~2007（from October to next April）.53 species which belong to 13 families and 7 orders were recorded,with at least 9 species and at most 31 species in one survey day.Substantial numbers of waterfowl were first seen at mid October and then sharply increased at early November.Peak numbers occurred at early and mid December.Then the number of waterbirds decreased from February,with less than 1% of total count birds staying in monitoring region at early April.The spatial distribution dynamics of wintering waterbirds were suggested to be studied in the future.Additionally,the effects of water level changes to the waterbird population and the relationship between climate factors and migration chronology of wintering waterbirds at Poyang Lake is advised to set as the research priority.