帆船横尾风航段及标旁附近调帆策略研究

Methods of Trimming Sails in Reaching/Running Legs and for Mark rounding

为了获得帆船在横风、尾风航段及标旁附近调帆的基本原则,对帆船帆翼空气动力性能的进行了数值模拟。研究发现,在横风航段,航线比较简单统一,运动员应该将流线型桅杆转动使其沿着风向、其攻角可以调整为45°左右,帆翼调整使其没有扣角甚至向外扣角、没有倾角甚至向船首倾角和小的拱度;在尾风航段,运动员也应该根据当时风向将流线型桅杆转动、其攻角在70°～100°之间、可以采用大拱度帆型;在标旁附近,高水平比赛中,运动员的技术水平相当,在标旁将形成汇集相遇时帆船运动员应根据具体情况调整帆翼拱度、攻角、倾角、扣角等参数,使帆船能够顺利快速绕标成功。基于数值模拟方法得到的横风、尾风航段及标旁附近帆翼调整原则为运动员取得优异的成绩提供了依据。

In order to find the principles of trimming sails on a run and a reach and for mark rounding, the numerical simulation of the sailboat wing aerodynamic characteristics is carried out. It＇s found that in a reaching leg, where the sailing course is relatively simple, the sailor should twirl the streamlin mast according to the wind direction, making an angle of attack of about 450 ,while keeping the wing in small camber ratio and parallel with the direction of the athlete and vertical or a slight tilt to the bow; on the running leg, the athlete should twirl the streamline mast to make the attack angle of 700 1000 and keep big camber ratio; When sails in the vicinity of a mark where sailboats gather, the athlete should adjust the wing to have the appropriate camber, attack angle, tilt angle, and the direction of athlete to quickly get round the mark. The principle of the trimming sails provides a basis for athletes to achieve excellent performances.