哈耶克的积极“无知”和消极“自由”

On Positive "Ignorant" and Passive "Freedom" by Hayek

"无知的知识观"就是界定知识和理性的限度,反对知识僭越自身的超负荷、力不能及的不当使用而带来灾难性的后果,探讨知识的恰当运用,所以是积极的。消极自由的表述是"免于……自由",以不受社会干预为实现自由的条件,每一个人都能够自由发挥自己的聪明才智和求知创新能力,每一个人都能为社会的发展做出智识上的贡献,这是自由的本真之意。对无知和自由的研究分别上升到哲学的高度,就会发现它们之间的紧密联系,积极的"无知"观构成消极的"自由"观的认识论基础,消极的"自由"观又奠定积极的"无知"观的社会基础。

The ＂ignorant knowledge＂ is the limit in the definition of knowledge and rationality.It objects to disastrous consequences from the knowledge overloaded and used beyond one＇s capacity,and probes into the use knowledge properly,so it is positive.The expression of passive freedom is ＂being free from….＂ on condition of not being intervened to realize one＇s freedom,when everyone can freely exert his wisdom and innovative ability,and everyone can devote his intelligence to the social development.This is the true meaning of liberty.If the study of ignorance and freedom is elevated to philosophical heights separately,their close connection can seen： the view of positive ＂ignorance＂ constitutes the philosophical epistemology basis of the view of passive ＂freedom＂,which in turn establishes the social basis for the view of the passive ＂freedom＂.