儿科急诊6463例疾病谱特征调查分析

Survey and analyze the disease spectrum characteristics of 6 463cases of pediatric emergency disease

目的:了解儿科急诊疾病谱特点,提高儿科急诊医师的诊治水平和抢救成功率。方法:对2010-05-2011-05在我院儿科急诊就诊,随机选择诊断明确的6463例进行回顾性分析。结果:普通急诊患儿6172例(95.5%),发病年龄集中在28d～3岁,共4532例(73.43%),位列前五位疾病是上呼吸道感染4222例(68.41%),支气管炎623例(10.09%),腹泻病411例(6.66%),胃肠炎271(4.39%),支气管肺炎262例(4.24%)。重症急诊患儿291例(4.50%),发病年龄也集中在28d～3岁,共245例(84.19%),位列前5位疾病是重症肺炎99例(33.68%),惊厥67例(23.02%),腹泻病并脱水31例(11.00%),哮喘持续状态16例(5.5%),肺炎伴先心13例(4.47%)。结论:儿科急诊疾病谱以呼吸系统和消化系统常见的感染性疾病为主,发病年龄以婴幼儿居多,重症常继发休克、心力衰竭、呼吸衰竭而危及生命。应引起儿科急诊医生注意。

Objective：To analyze the disease spectrum characteristics of pediatric emergency disease,and to im- prove the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric emergency physicians and the success rate of rescue. Method.. From May 2010 -May 2011,6 463 patients who visited the pediatric emergency department of our hospital were retro- spectively analyzed. Result：There were 6 172 cases of children with ordinary emergency （95.5%）. The age of onset is concentrated in 28 days of -3 years with a total of 4 532 cases （73.43%）. The top five diseases were upper re- spiratory tract infection in 4 222 cases （68.41% ）, bronchitis in 623 cases （10.09% ）, diarrheal diseases in 411 cases （6.66%） ,gastroenteritis in 271 （4.39%）, bronchial pneumonia in 262 cases （4.24%）. There were 291 cases of children with severe emergency （4. 50%）. The age of onset is concentrated in 28 day of -3 years with a total of 245 cases （84.19%）. The top five diseases were severe pneumonia in 99 cases （33.68%） ,seizure in 67 cases （23. 02%）, diarrhea and dehydration in 31 cases （11.00%）, continuous state of asthma in 16 cases （5.5%）, pneumonia complicated with congenital heart disease in 13 cases （4.47 %）. Conclusion.. Common infectious diseases of the re- spiratory and digestive systems are the mainly disease spectrum in pediatric emergency. Most patients are infants. Critically ill are often secondary to shock, heart failure, respiratory failure and are life threatening, and should be paid attention by pediatric emergency physicians.