4GOLDBERG DE.Genetic algorithms in search, optimization and machine learning[M].MA.Addison-Wesley, Reading, 1989.
5JIN HD,LEUNG KS,WOMG ML,Xu ZB.An effcient self-organizing map designed by genetic algorithms for the traveling salesman problem[J].IEEE Trans Syst Man Cyber Part-B 2003,33(6).877-87.
6DORIGO M,BIRATTARI M, St u tzle T. Ant colony optimization:artificial ants as acomputational intelligence technique[G].IEEE Comput Intell Mag,2005.p.28-38.