基于遥感技术的干旱荒漠区露天煤矿植被群落受损评估

Damage assessment of the vegetable types based on remote sensing in the open coalmine of arid desert area

以新疆准东五彩湾露天煤矿开采区为研究靶区,基于2006~2011年的Landsat TM卫星遥感影像数据,借助植被指数和植被覆盖度指数,对干旱荒漠区露天煤矿开采对植被的扰动进行分析.利用植被覆盖度特征和植被覆盖度转移矩阵,分析了露天煤矿开采中不同等级植被群落的受损速度和面积变化情况,通过植被覆盖度的时空变化趋势和波动程度,研究了植被覆盖度随时间的变化特征,并定量分析了研究区植被受损范围与受损程度.结果表明,2006~2011年,露天煤矿开采对研究区植被破坏程度呈逐年增加趋势,研究区内植被覆盖度年均减少1.2%,并且植被等级越低,植被受损速度也越快.其中植被受煤矿开采粉尘影响的范围较大,占研究区总面积的44.69%,影响的平均最大距离约为3.2km,并且煤矿的开采规模越大,影响的距离越远.煤矿采掘区、排土场压占区和占用区内植被覆盖稀疏,有植被区域占该区域面积的12.15%,尽管该区域植被覆盖面积不大,但所在区域植被覆盖度的波动程度在0.05~0.15之间,植被受损严重.

WucaiWan open coalmine in the East Junggar Basin in XinJiang was selected as the research region, the disturbance of the WucaiWan open-pit coal mining on vegetation was analyzed using vegetation index and the vegetation fraction based on Landsat TM satellite remote sensing data from 2006 to 2011. First, the damaged speed and area change of different levels of vegetation during coal mining was analyzed using the characteristics and transfer matrix of the desert vegetation fraction in open coalmine area. Second, the changing characteristics of the vegetation fraction with time were studied and the damaged area and the extent of the vegetation was quantitatively analyzed using temporal and spatial variation of the vegetation fraction. The results indicate that, from 2006 to 2011, the damaged vegetation extent showed an increasing trend year by year due to coal mining in the study region, the vegetation fraction decreased 1.2 % per year, and the lower the level of vegetation is, the faster the speed of vegetation breakage. In the study region, the area influenced by coal dust was accounted for 44.69% of the total area. The average distance influenced by the free coal ash was about 3.2km, and the larger the scale of coalmine is, the further the influence. In the mining and dumping areas, vegetation-covered area was small accounted for 12.15%, but the vegetation fraction volatility changed in the range of 0.05-0.15, the vegetation was damaged seriously.