词汇的语境化与民俗变迁——以义县春播语汇为研究个案

Expressions’contextualization and changing folklore——based on expressions of spring sowing in Yixian

针对古今史料中义县农业生产习俗缺失的现状,基于文献、田野调查、词汇语用学等研究方法和语料库等资料,对锦州义县春播语汇的语境化及其折射出的民俗变迁进行历时研究。研究发现:春播备耕、播种工具、播种参与者三方面语汇的语境化意义反映了农民在农耕信仰、劳动观念和生产方式方面的变化;民俗词汇具有词汇语用学特征;民俗词汇是民俗的载体,但二者的变化不完全同步;民俗词汇在语境中形成,并对语境进行制约,进一步的语境化推动或抑制词汇的变异发展。

To fill in the gap of Yixian farming practices in historical records,a diachronic study was made of folklore changes reflected in expressions of spring sowing in Yixian based on literature,fieldwork,lexical pragmatics and corpus.Findings show： expressions in activities for spring sowing,sowing tools and participants reveal the changes in farmers’ farming faith,concept of labor and way of production;folklore lexes bear the characteristics of lexical pragmatics and reflect the corresponding folklore changes,though they do not change simultaneously;folklore lexes form in the context and in turn control their contexts,and the further changes in context will promote or restrain the varied development of these lexes.