运动员比赛期间营养的合理补充

Reasonable Supplementing the Athletes' Nutrition during a Competition

运动员比赛期间营养的合理补充可消除运动性疲劳、改善运动能力、防治运动引起的机体功能紊乱等。认为比赛的环境、比赛的强度、运动员的身体状态和自我保护意识是影响运动员比赛期间热能过度消耗的主要因素。提出碳水化合物的补充应采用少量多次的饮用方法,根据运动员的个体差异适量补充钙、钾、镁钠等矿物质,及时的补充水溶性维生素(不建议在比赛中补充脂溶性维生素),以及水、运动饮料、特殊营养品的合理补充方法,帮助运动员保持良好的竞技能力,加快运动员疲劳状态的恢复,同时防止运动员在比赛中营养流失。

During a competition, if the athletes can have reasonable supplement of nutrition, it will help for eliminating the athletic fatigue, improving the sports performance, preventing and treating the body sports dysfunction. The paper thinks the main factors influencing the athletes＇excessive consumption of heat energy during a competition relate to the competitive surrounding, competitive intensity, the athletes＇body condition and self- protection awareness. For helping the athletes keep well competitive performance, quicken recov- ery from fatigue and avoid the nutrient loss in competition, it suggests using the method of less amount and more times to supplement carbohydrates, reasonably supplementing calcium, kalium, magnesium, natrium and other dietary minerals according to the individual difference, timely supplementing the vitamins of water -solubility （not fat -Soluble vitamins） and water, sports drink and special nutrients.