建国前新疆维吾尔村民社会结构

On the Social Structure of Uyghur Villagers before 1949

村民社会结构的各个组成部分以及它们之间的相互联系是研究村民社会的关键。文章根据田野调查收集的口述资料和文献,从社会阶层、职业和社区的角度,对建国前新疆维吾尔村民社会结构进行分析。在传统的维吾尔村民社会里,起重要作用的不仅是血缘关系,而且是以村落精英为核心的村落组织。建国前,处在农村底层的分散的农民,通过村落精英与国家发生联系,国家—村落精英—农民三者在乡村建立了比较稳定的互动关系模式。村落精英、农民或从事各类职业的工匠及马哈拉居民构成村民社会结构的组成部分。

The components of village society structure and their relationships are always the focus of studying village society.Based on the oral historical materials and fieldwork data,this paper analyses the Uyghur villagers’ social structure before 1949 in terms of social classes,occupations and community matters.In traditional Uygur village society,what matters most is not the blood relationship but the village organization mainly made up of village elites.Before 1949,scattered villagers at the bottom interacted with the state via village elites.The state,the village elites and the farmers came to develop into a relative stable patterns of interaction.The village elites,the farmers,the craftsmen and the mahallah community were the main units of social structure of village society.