速滑运动员膝关节控制能力辅助器材的研制方法

Method of Developing an Aid Equipment for Improving the Speed Skaters' Knee Joint Control Ability

我国优秀速滑运动员蹬冰时膝关节的伸展能力的改善是提高我国速滑项目训练水平,实现成绩的历史性突破的关键要素。通过生物力学及磁力学技术改善我国速滑运动员滑行中支撑蹬冰膝关节控制能力问题,提高运动员竞技能力,是促进我国速滑项目运动训练创新、训练水平快速提高的有效方式之一。分析速滑运动员膝关节在专项技术条件下的力学特征,在试验膝关节功能磁力辅助装置基础上,制定改善我国速滑运动员支撑蹬冰时膝关节控制能力的有效方法,为开发改善速滑运动员滑行中支撑蹬冰膝关节控制能力的辅助器材,进而探索科学有效的节能装置打下良好的基础。通过生物力学测试分析,评估运动员在滑行中支撑蹬冰时膝关节控制力的角度、大小、力矩、功率及做功输出特征,利用磁力学永磁体的磁刚度特性产生斥力的原理,设计研制可以固定于运动员膝关节的力装置,来改善速滑运动员膝关节角度的控制能力。膝关节辅助器材采用纤维增强复合塑料(FRP)复合材料,比较符合经济性和人体生物学特性,辅助器材的研制采用两种方案,在进行了不同种类的实验与运动员测试,经方案的最终优化得到更为合理的辅助器材形式,填补速度滑冰领域利用磁性材料提高运动技术能力的装置空白。技术关键是需要对不同磁铁材质进行生物力学实验,并在实验性能基础上,进一步处理加工成特殊磁力膝关节装置。

The improvement of knee joint stretch ability at push phase will be a key of developing Chinese excellent speed skaters＇ training level for catching a achievement of historic breakthrough.As an innovation and effective way of rapidly improving Chinese speed skaters＇ training level,it may improve their knee joint control ability with the technologies of biomechanics and magnetomechanics.The paper analyzes the speed skaters＇ knee joint mechanics characteristics in the condition of skating technique.Based on testing a magnetic aid equipment,it looks for a effective method of improving the knee joint control ability at support phase,which will be helpful to further develop the energy-efficient aid equipment.By analyzing the biomechanics test,it estimates the characteristics of angle,magnitude,torque,power output of knee joint control strength at supporting skating phase.With the principle of magnetomechanical repulsion from the permanent magnet＇ magnetic stiffness characteristics,it designs a mechanical equipment which may be fastened to the knee joint for improving the ability of controlling knee joint angle.The fibre-reinforced plastic composites（FRP） conforms to the economical efficiency and human biological property.Centring on two schemes,it has diff-erent experimentations to optimize a better form of aid equipment,which will fill in the gap in improving the skating performance with special materials in speed skating circles.As a base of further developing a speical magnetometric equipment of knee joint,the technical key is to experiment the biomechanics characteristics of various ferromagnetic materials.