江苏大丰麋鹿种群及管理模式探讨

Management of Pere David's Deer at Dafeng Milu National Nature Reserve

以江苏大丰麋鹿国家级自然保护区麋鹿为研究对象,探讨麋鹿种群管理及保育对策。结果显示:1986～2011年,大丰麋鹿数量呈逐年上升趋势,年增长率在7.7%～27.1%之间,平均年增长率为13.6%(n=25)。大丰麋鹿种群的管理有4种方式,即圈养、半散养、野生放养和异地寄养。圈养生境面积小,麋鹿采用全年人工补饲;半散养生境面积较大,以第一核心区麋鹿为例,其种群密度从1998年的0.825头/hm^2增加到2011年的3.06头/hm^2,平均增长1.9%(n=14)。野生放养是恢复麋鹿野生种群的基础和前提;异地寄养是保存麋鹿物种的关键。今后,大丰麋鹿保护区将走麋鹿种群可持续发展战略,继续合理野生放养、异地选点寄养,并通过栖息地生境修复、麋鹿血统交换等方式,不断探索麋鹿保护发展新策略。

We researched the Pere David＇s deer population at Dafeng Milu National Naure Reserve and present here a review of management and conservation strategies. From 1986 to 2011, the Pere David＇s deer population increased gradually at 7.7% - 27. 1% per year with an average growth rate of 13. 6% （ n =25 years） . There are four management strategies for Pere David＇s deer at Dafeng, namely captive , half free - range, raised in the wild, and re - introduction. The habitat area is small for captive deer so supplemental feed is provided. The habitat area for half free - range deer is large. The deer populatioin in the Nature Reserve core zone increased from 0. 825 deer/hm^2 in 1998 to 3.06 deers/hm^2 in 2011. The average rate of increase was 1.9% （ n = 14 years ） . The wild - reared population is the foundation and precondition for recovering locally extinct populations of Pere David~ deer. Reintroduction is the key to long -term conservation of this species. In the future, Dafeng Milu National Na- ture Reserve will follow a sustainable development path for Pete David＇s deer. The Reserve will continue to raise deer in the wild, choose locations for reintroduction, restore habitat , and employ genetic exchange to develop new strategies for protection.