世居高原自行车运动员亚高原训练期间身体机能变化

A study on the body functional change of native plateau cyclists during sub-altitude training

目的:观察世居高原自行车运动员在亚高原训练期间的机能变化。方法:以8名世居高原(海拔1910m)男子公路自行车运动员为研究对象,系统测试每名运动员在下亚高原前、亚高原(海拔1300m)训练第2天、第4天、第8天、第18天、第25天及第32天的红细胞(RBC)、红细胞压积(Hct)、血红蛋白(Hb)、血清睾酮(T)、皮质醇(C)、晨脉(HR)、脉搏血氧饱和度(SpO2)等血液生化指标及生理指标。结果:①世居高原运动员下到亚高原环境,大气氧分压增加了10mmHg,运动员SpO2上升了1%,晨脉下降了5次/分,均无统计学差异。②运动员RBC、Hct、Hb在亚高原训练的第2天开始下降,并在第4天降至最低,RBC下降明显(P<0.01),较高原下降了9.25%,Hb稍有下降;一周后各血象指标逐渐回升,并在第25天时升至最高水平,Hb升高了4.33%,且差异显著(P<0.05),RBC无变化。③运动员血清T在亚高原训练的前3周与高原相比无差异,3周后升高,并在第25天显著升高(P<0.05),较高原升高15.56%;C在第二天较高,随后下降,T/C比值变化甚微。结论:世居高原男子自行车运动员亚高原训练期间第1周身体机能状况较差,随后逐渐恢复,在3周后达到最好水平。提示世居高原男子自行车运动员到亚高原比赛时的最佳时间为下至亚高原3周后。

In order to observe the body functional change of native plateau cyclists during sub-altitude training,this article takes 8 native plateau cyclists as study objects,this article tests systematically each player＇s blood biochemical parameters including RBC,Hct,Hb,T,C and physiological indexes including HR and SpO2 before sub-altitude training,and at 2-day,at 4-day,at 8-day,at 18-day,at 25-day and at 32-day after sub-altitude training.The results show that the adaptation period of the native plateau cyclists＇ training to sub-altitude is at least a week,and the function of cyclists rose after a week;the functional status of native plateau cyclists is best at the 25th day during sub-altitude training.It suggests that the optional time for them to take part in a competition at sub-altitude is 3 weeks after leaving from the altitude.