莫愁湖与南京徐氏考述——以“胜棋楼”传说故事的编造为中心

The Mochou Lake and the Xu Family in Nanjing:A Made-up Story on Winning-chess Mansion

坐落在南京城西繁华地区的莫愁湖,景致清幽秀丽,视域辽远开阔。明朝初年,朝廷针对功臣勋戚,制定了不得侵夺民产的禁令,然而明中期以后,此规定便逐渐松弛。于是承袭魏国公爵位、号称南京第一望族的徐氏便开始大肆侵吞城内外田宅土地,包括莫愁湖,以作为其自家产业。而夺湖以后,徐氏编造了朱元璋和徐达之间"弈棋赐湖"的故事,对其夺湖行径进行粉饰。随着时间流逝,这个编造的传说逐渐坐实,甚至进入了官方文本的叙述中;而对此传说故事的考辨,则造成了"陌生化"的效果。

The Mochou Lake,with a beautiful view and around a lively block,is located in the west of Nanjing.In the early Ming Dynasty,the aristocrats are forbidden to infringe upon civilian properties.However,the law gradually lost its function after the Middle Ming.Then the Xu family,the most prominent family in Nanjing at that time,began to seize the land and houses of the city dwellers,including the Mochou Lake.A story was even made up by the family about a chess game between Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang and his General Xu Da,who is the ancestor of Xu Family.The story of 'winning the chess and earning the lake'was to cover the snatch.With the passage of time,this story was generally believed by common people and even took part in the official literary narrative.As a result,the textual criticism of the tale brings an effect of defamiliarization of history.