基于人的存在视角的思想政治教育功能探究——兼谈苏联思想政治教育工作失败的教训对我国的启示

Function of Ideological and Political Education from the Perspective of Human Existence

思想政治教育工作的失效是前苏联解体的重要原因之一,而其思想政治教育工作失效的关键因素是没有将"人的现实性存在"作为出发点。思想政治教育首先要将"基于人的现实性存在"作为出发点,将培养民众健康人格和帮助民众实现社会化从而帮助民众具备安身立命的精神家园作为首要和基础的功能;还要基于"人的超越性存在",将为民众提供超越现实的具有终极关怀性质的精神家园作为重要功能。思想政治教育要实现这些功能,必须要进行理念变革,建立起以人的发展为核心、以尊重教育对象主体性为条件、同时使内容手段及目标具有层次性的新路径。

The disintegration of the former Soviet Union is caused, to a large extent, by the failure of its ideological and political education as a result of its failure to regard ＂human＇s real existence＂ as its starting point. Therefore, ideological and political education should start with ＂human＇s existence in reality＂, striving for people＇s moral integrity, socialization and the building of a spiritual house. Moreover, it should be based on ＂human＇s transcendental existence＂, trying to provide people with a spiritual house that can transcend reality and give them ultimate human concern. To fulfill these goals, we should renovate our minds and find a new way of ideological and political education which focuses on people＇s development, respects the subjectivity of the educated, and unites the contents and means of education organically.