青海省1～14岁儿童脊髓灰质炎抗体水平调查分析

Analysis on antibody level of poliomyelitis in Qinghai among children between 1 and 14-years-old

目的了解青海省1～14岁儿童脊髓灰质炎(脊灰)抗体水平,评价脊灰疫苗接种效果。方法采用微孔塑料板法检测脊灰中和抗体,≧1;4为阳性。结果对全省5个地市各选择一个县(区)随机抽取1～14岁儿童共1 069人进行脊灰抗体水平检测。结果Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ型抗体阳性率分别为94.95%、95.14%、94.20%。抗体几何平均滴度Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅱ型分别1∶228.16、1∶292.80、1∶216.78。全省不同地区抗体阳性率分布不均,西宁市较高Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ型分别为98.62%、97.46%、97.70%,海西州最低Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ型分别为90.43%、92.67%、89.01%。各年龄组抗体阳性率差异显著,1～4岁组最高,随年龄增长抗体水平逐渐递减。经统计学处理不同地区及各年龄组抗体阳性率有非常显著差异。不同性别抗体阳性率差异无统计学意义。结论我省1～14岁儿童脊灰抗体水平相对较高,但地区间还有较大差异,建议全省各地,尤其是边远地区要进一步加强脊灰疫苗强化免疫,切实提高免疫成功率。

Objective To understand the antibody level of poliomyelitis, and evaluate the effect of poliomyelitis vaccination. Method Detect the antibody in polio by microporous plastic board. The ratio exceed 1：4 was positive. Results Choose a county （district） from the five regions in Qinghai, and select 1 069 children ran-domly between 1 and 14 years old to detect their antibody level of poliomyelitis. The antibody positive rates of Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ-type were 94.95%, 95.14% and 94. 20%, respectively. The geometric mean titers of Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ-type were 1： 228. 16, 1：292.80 and 1： 216. 78, respectively. The antibody positive rates were dif-ferent in each district. Xinning City was the highest, which were 98.62%, 97.46% and 97.70 ; Haixi was the lowest, which were 90. 43%, 92.67% and 89.01%. The antibody positive rates were significant different among different age groups. The antibody level of children between 1 and 4 years old was the highest, and it gradually decreased along with ages. The antibody positive rate had statistical significance in different regions and ages, however, there had no statistical significance in different genders. Conclusions The antibody level of poliomyelitis among children was relatively high in Qinghai , however, there was great difference among dif- ferent regions. We suggested each district, especially the remote and border areas in Qinghai to Strengthen poliomyelitis vaccine strengthened immunity, so as to improve the immune success rate.