一个解剖基人体下肢的生物动力模型──第一部分:模型描述

AN ANATOMICALLY-BASED BIODYNAMIC MODEL OF THE HUMAN LOWER EXTREMITY-PART I:DESCRIPTIONS OF MODEL

建立了一个完整的解剖基人体下肢二维（矢状面内）生物动力模型．该模型仿真了人体下肢的生物动力运动，并可用来计算人体下肢在冲击外载荷或肌肉活性力的作用下，下肢的重要承力部位──膝关节处的结构力（包括：膝关节的咬合接触力、膝关节处四个主要韧带张力等）和人体下肢的肌肉群力；同时本模型也可用来计算人体下肢在运动期间，膝关节处的咬合位移以及膝关节和髋关节的屈伸位移等．另外，模型还为研究人工关节、人工韧带和人工肌肉以及它们的受伤与重建等提供了一种新的途径．

In this paper, a two-dimensionalanatomically-based biodynamic model of the humanlower extremity is established. The hip joint is modelled as a passive-joint torque with effects of viscoelastic structures situated across the joint. Alsoan anatomical model of the knee joint is establishedin the paper. In addition to the knee ligaments, themodel includes the effects of five significant musclegroups involved in the motion of the lower limb. Thenumerical results give the forces associated with themuscle groups and ligaments, as well as the bone-tobone contact forces. The contact point location, andthe anterior-posterior displacements are presentedtogether with the angular motion of the lower limbsegments. The model is used to study the followingtwo scenarios: First, an unexpected forcing of smallduration is applied to tibia and the response is obtained when there exists no feedback at the intrinsic muscle level. Secondly, a kicking type of learnedactivity is simulated which cooresponds to a specified muscle stimulation program. The validity of themodel established in this paper has been verified bycomparing the results with those available in the literature. The results show that the present model isin good agreement with the available data from theliterature.