大鼠全层皮肤缺损创面抗挛缩模型的建立

Establishment of an anti-contracture full-thickness excision skin wound model in rats

目的探讨防止全层皮肤缺损创面挛缩的方法,为深度创面修复研究提供动物模型。方法健康、雄性、成年、清洁级SD大鼠16只,随机分为模型组和对照组,每组8只。麻醉条件下,切除大鼠背部3.0cm×3.3cm的全层皮肤至深筋膜层,形成全层皮肤缺损创面,切下的皮肤修剪成中厚皮打孔备用。模型组大鼠创面埋植直径为0.7mm胸骨钢丝制成的大小为3.0cm×3.3cm矩形框,并与创周皮肤缝扎固定,对照组不作处理。两组大鼠创面交叉移植同种异体中厚皮,纱布打包固定。移植术后7d拆除打包敷料,观察异体皮成活情况,并于术后7d、14d、21d使用数码相机照相后,运用图像分析软件计算两组大鼠创面收缩率,并进行比较。结果手术后7d拆除打包敷料,两组大鼠创面异体皮成活率均为100%。手术后7d、14d、21d模型组创面收缩率分别为(1.3±0.5)%、(1.9±0.9)%、(2.6±1.3)%,均较对照组(8.6±1.2)%、(37.4±2.6)%、(65.0±3.7)%显著降低(t值分别为15.911、36.581、44.847,P<0.01)。结论胸骨钢丝阻隔圈可有效减轻大鼠全层皮肤缺损创面的挛缩,且操作简便实用。

Objective To establish a model of anti-contracture full-thickness excision skin wound in rats. Method Sixteen SD rats were randomly divided into model group and control group. Under anesthesia, a piece of full-thickness skin of 3.0 cm×3.3 cm was removed from the dorsum of each rat, thus forming the wound with full-thickness skin defect. The skin graft was made into part-thickness. One steel wire frame was sutured with the wound margin skin in model group, but not in control group. All the wounds covered with allograft. The wound contraction rates were observed at 7,14 and 21 days post-operation, respectively. Results The survival rates of the allografts were both 100% in two group. The wound contraction ratio decreased significantly at 7, 14 and 21 days post-operation in model group（1.3±0.5）%,（1.9±0.9）%,（2.6±1.3）% than those of control group（8.6±1.2）%,（37.4±2.6）%,（65.0±3.7）%（t=15.911,36.581,44.847,P〈0.01）. Conclusion Using steel wire frame could effectively prevent full thickness skin defective wound contracture, and this approach is convenient and practical.