集装箱装载矩形货物的布局研究

Research on the packing of loading rectangular freight into a container

针对集装箱内货物装载布局问题 ,提出一种利用三叉树结构表达三维矩形物体布局状态空间分解的方法。通过将布局空间依次分割 ,每次放入相对于当前布局空间来说是满足特定条件的最优布局块 ,并将该布局块定位于当前布局空间后部的左下角来完成不同大小三维矩形物体的布局方案的确定 ,给出试验结果。经过算例比较 ,说明其有效性。基于该算法 ,在大量数值实验的基础上 ,定量地表达了空间利用率、待装货物总体积和待装货物类型数三者之间的关系 ,对集装箱货物运输有一定借鉴作用。

A heuristic method for packing freight into a container by using tri tree structure to express the packing space decomposition for three dimensional rectangular packing is proposed. Through the sequential decomposition of the packing space, the packing scheme of various sized rectangular objects can be realized by putting the optimal packing element that satisfies specific conditions for current packing space and locating it on the down right corner of the rear part of the current packing space. The solution of numerical examples shows that the algorithm is effective. With the algorithm and based on lots of numerical tests, the relationship is expressed quantitatively among the container usage rate of space, total volume of boxes and number of box types, which provides a strong decision support to the container freight traffic.