共容利益:社区参与旅游发展之利益协调

Encompassing Interest: Interest Coordination of Community Involving Pattern of Tourism Development

收益分配问题绝不只是单纯的经济问题,而是涉及政治和社会制度安排的"正义"问题。本文基于对农村旅游发展现实的大量观察和前人对于中国社会问题丰富的研究成果,把宏观制度研究与微观行为分析结合起来,将影响旅游收益分配的政治过程内生化、模型化,展现了在农村旅游发展中,各利益主体——政治精英、商人利益集团、社区农民为实现各自的目标价值,在制度激励和约束下就利益的分配进行重复博弈的动态过程。本文指出,旅游收益不平衡的制度性根源在于国家的政治、经济、法律制度设计偏重于增长而未能有效地维护个人和社会的正当利益。仅仅依靠金钱补偿,或者调整收入分配政策根本不可能达到或实现分配正义的目标。分配正义的实现需要一系列根本性的制度变革,"从顶到底"地建立一个能给予共容利益最大决策权的政治体制和经济机制。

Income distribution is never a simple economic issue, but also one concerning political and social ＂justice＂. Based on observations of rural tourism development in China and previous social and political academic researches, this paper demonstrated the dynamic gaming process and consequent uneven interest-distributing status of the three interest groups-the political elites, businessmen and rural community farmers in pursuing their respective interest under the current political and economic systems. The paper pointed out that the cause of the unbalanced tourism interest distribution is rooted in the unreasonable political, economic and legal institutional design which overemphasizes on economic growth, and that＇ s why it fails to effectively protect the legitimate private property and social justice. The author believes that the goal of distributive justice cannot be achieved if we rely solely on monetary compensation or income distribution policy and its realization requires a series of fundamental institutional changes directing toward establishing a democratic political system and market-oriented economy to encompass interests of all social stratums from top to bottom.