清代河政官员的沿革、职能、权力博弈与河弊——以江南河道总督为视角的历史考察

History,Function,Power Game and River Malpractice among River Administration Officials in Qing Dynasty:From the Historical Perspective of Governor-General of Jiangnan River Administration Division

清代江南河道总督的设立,对江南地区的水道治理、工程修建、漕运事务具有重要的意义。江南河道总督不仅与两江总督存在着事务上的合作与协商,更有权力与利益上的冲突与博弈,其位置是否稳固与中央权力及地方权力是否保持平衡有很大的关系。清政府虽专注于保漕,但缺乏对黄淮运进行系统与长期的规划与治理,加之封建制度的日益腐朽与河政官员的贪赃枉法,最终也没能改变河政走向衰败的命运。

The institution of the governor-general of Jiangnan River Administration Division in Qing Dynasty is significant for the river-waterway management, the engineering construction and the water transportation affairs in the area of southern areas of Yangtze River. There are not only cooperation and consultation in the administrative affairs between the governor- general of Jiangnan River Administration Division and the governor-general of Jiangnan-Jiangxi Administration Division, but also conflicts and game in power and benefits between two officials. Whether the political position of the governor-general of Jiangnan River Administration Division is stable is related to whether it keeps balance of the relationship between the cen- tral authority and the local authority. Although the Qing Government focuses on the normal operation of the canal-water transportation, the river administration in Qing Dynasty meets its doom ultimately because the government has no systemati- cal and long-term plan and management towards Huang- Huai River canal-water transportation, and there are also more and more decadent feudal system and serious corruption through misuse of law among officials.