山西书院文化的历史流变

The Development of Shanxi Academy of Classical Lenrning

山西书院兴起于宋辽时期，在山西书院近千年的发展过程中，经历了宋辽金的发轫期、元代的第一次兴建热潮、明代的成熟期和清代的黄金发展期四个阶段，而每一阶段又都经历了一个曲折的兴衰过程。在明代书院发展史上曾经历过四次禁毁，清代由清初的低迷徘徊到康雍乾时期的大发展，使山西书院发展走向鼎盛，后经嘉道咸的平稳发展和颓败，终于在光绪二十七年与科举制度一起寿终正寝，完成了它的历史使命。

Shanxi Academy of classical learning was in its earliest form the Song and Liao Dynasties, and became prevalent in the Yuan Dynasties. It matured and perfected in Ming and Qing Dynasties. It experiented rise and fall in every one of the above four stages and finally declined in the Reigns of Emperas Jia Qing, Dao Guang, and Xian Feng. It came to its end, together with imperial examination system, in the Reign of Guang Xu.