论理工科大学生知识结构的优化

On Optimization of the Knowledge Structure of College Students Majoring in Science and Engineering

通过对理工科大学生知识结构的调查 ,发现其知识结构不合理 ,普遍存在着偏重专业知识 ,忽视人文、社会科学等学科的现象 ,而产生这一现象的原因是传统的应试教育、片面强调专业教育及学生自身的因素等造成的。要优化理工科大学生知识结构 ,就需要探索其知识结构优化的模式和途径。本文经过分析 ,得出理工科大学生知识结构优化的三种模式 ,即“Π”型、“T”型及“复合型”模式 ,同时提出了从教育观念的改变、通才教育课程体系的建立。

Based on the investigation on the knowledge structure of college students majoring in science and engineering, the article comes to the conclusion that the knowledge structure of college students majoring in science and engineering is not rational.The students at large are placing greater emphasis on professional knowledge, and paying much less attention to such subjects as humanity, social science, economics and management. This phenomenon results from several factors,i.e., exam-oriented education,too much emphasis on professional education, and students' own problems. It is the urgent demand of the society to optimize the knowledge structure of the students majoring in science and engineering. So it is necessary to probe the pattern and way of optimizing the knowledge structure of these students.Through analysis, three patterns are obtained, i.e., “Π”pattern, “T' pattern and “Compound ' pattern.Concrete approaches to optimize knowledge structure of those students are also presented from four aspects, that is, alteration of educational notions, establishment of acourse system for comprehensive education renewal of current teaching materials and consideration of students' characteristics.