中国超级稻育种研究进展与前景

Advances and Prospects in Research on Super Rice Breeding

对30年来中国超级稻育种研究进展与前景进行了综合评述,认为在"利用籼粳稻杂交创造新株型和强优势,通过复交优化性状组配聚合有利基因,选育理想株型与优势利用相结合的超级稻"育种理论与技术路线确立之后,中国在常规超级稻育种和超级杂交稻育种都取得了重大突破,成功地创造出一批新株型优异种质,培育出105个通过农业部认定的超级稻新品种和新组合。在大力推广超级稻品种的同时,高度重视配套栽培技术集成与示范推广,努力构建产学研紧密衔接的超级稻技术创新与示范推广机制。通过选育和推广优质、高产、广适、抗逆的超级稻,中国再次实现了水稻单产水平的新突破,综合生产能力继株型改良和杂交稻育种之后有了进一步提高,为中国稻作科学的发展和粮食安全作出了突出贡献。

We focus on the progress and prospective of the super rice breeding in the past three decades. After the establishment of the breeding theory and strategy of ＂generating the ideotype and the strong heterosis through inter-subspeeific hybridization, then pyramiding the elite traits and genes by composite-crossing to breed the super-rice varieties with both ideotype and strong hybrid vigor＂, series of major breakthroughs have been achieved in both the conventional and hybrid super- rice breeding. A number of new germplasms with ideotype have been created successfully. About 105 novel super rice varieties and combinations approved by the Ministry of Agriculture have been bred. In popularizing the super rice varieties, great attentions have been paid to the integration and demonstration of the technology of rice production. In the meantime, a closely related industry-university-research technological innovation and demonstration system of the super hybrid rice has been established. Widespread application of the super rice with higher quality and yield and resistance or tolerance to abiotic or biotic stresses, the rice yield has reached a new level The capacity of the comprehensive rice production has been further improved through improvement of the plant architecture and hybrid rice breeding. The achievements in super rice breeding and in the innovation of rice production make a prominent contribution to the rice sciences and food security in China.