抗氧化机制在作物对非生物胁迫耐性中的作用

Role of Antioxidant Machinery on Crop Plants in Abiotic Stress Tolerance

干旱、极端温度、盐害和重金属等非生物胁迫因子是制约作物生长发育、影响作物产量和质量的关键因子。非生物胁迫会导致细胞内活性氧(ROS)迅速增加,对蛋白质、脂质和DNA造成伤害,破坏细胞内的膜结构。作物具有一系列的抗氧化机制清除ROS,以适应或忍耐环境胁迫。研究表明,作物对非生物胁迫的耐性与其抗氧化系统清除ROS的能力密切相关。综述了ROS对细胞的伤害作用以及抗氧化酶和非酶抗氧化剂清除ROS机制等方面的研究进展,以期为提高作物对非生物胁迫的耐性提供有益参考。

Abiotic stresses such as drought, extreme temperature, salinity and heavy metals are important factors limiting development of crops and affecting crops yield and quality. Various abiotic stresses lead to the overproduction of reactive oxygen species （ROS） which cause damage to proteins, lipids, DNA and membrane structure of cells. In order to adapt or tolerate to environmental stresses, crops have evolved a wide range of mechanisms to scavenging ROS. Numerous studies indicated that capacity of the antioxidant defense system is correlated with crops tolerance to abiotic stresses. ROS damage to cell and ROS scavenging mechanism of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants are summarized, which provides good reference for enhancing crops tolerance to abiotic stresses.