胶州湾中部海域虾类群落结构及其多样性

Community structure and diversity of shrimp assemblages in the central waters of Jiaozhou Bay,China

根据2008年9月至2009年8月在胶州湾中部海域进行的逐月底拖网调查数据，应用相对重要性指数、生物多样性指数和多元统计分析等方法对虾类群落结构及多样性进行了研究。结果表明：该调查海域捕获虾类共17种，隶属于6科15属。虾类相对资源量具有明显的月间变化，9月、10月、6月资源量较高，平均网获质量的变化范围为223．9-3422．9g／h，平均网获尾数为41～1608ind／h；优势种组成具有较为明显的月间变化，全年的优势种为鹰爪虾（Trachysalambra curvirostris）、细巧仿对虾（Parapenaeopsis tenella）和日本鼓虾似lpheusjaponicus）。虾类种类丰富度指数（D）的变化范围为0．77～1．89，Shannon-wiener多样性指数（F）变化范围为0．90～2．34，均匀度指数（J）变化范围为O．26—0．76，多样性指数月变化较大，且春夏季高于秋冬季。CLUSTER聚类分析与MDS分析可将胶州湾中部海域全年虾类群落划分为4个月份组群：I组群（4月、5月），II组群（12月一翌年3月），Ⅲ组群（6月、9月、10月）和Ⅳ组群（7月、8月、11月）。ANOSIM分析表明，II组群与III组群、II组群与Ⅳ组群差异显著，其他组群间差异不显著。各组群典型种与组群间分歧种对群落结构的影响明显。BIOENV分析表明，底层水温是影响胶州湾中部海域虾类群落结构月变化的主要环境因子。本研究旨在为保护与合理利用胶州湾海域虾类资源对策的制定提供科学依据。

Based on monthly bottom trawl surveys in the central waters of Jiaozhou Bay from September 2008 to August 2009, a study on the community structure and diversity of shrimps was carried out using an index of rela- tive importance, ecological diversity indices, multivariate analysis and other methods. Survey results indicated that 17 shrimp species, belonging to 15 families and six genera, were caught. The relative monthly shrimp re- source, which was highest in September, October and June, varied dramatically among months. The average catch weight per haul （h） ranged from 223.9 g/h to 3 422.9 g/h, and the average catch number per haul varied from 41 ind/h to 1 608 ind/h. Monthly changes were observed in the dominant species Trachysalambria curvirostris, Parapenaeopsis tenella and Alpheus japonicus. There were severe changes in the diversity index among months, with the indices in spring and summer being higher than those in autumn and winter. The Margalef＇s species rich- ness index （D）, Shannon-Wiener diversity index （H~） and Pielou＇s evenness index （J） of the community structure ranged from 0.77-1.89, 0.90-2.34 and 0.26-0.76, respectively. MDS and CLUSTER analysis identified four month groups, comprising Group I （April and May）, Group II （December, January, February and March）, Group III （June, September and October） and Group IV （July, August and November）, for shrimp communities during the entire year in this area. ANOSIM analysis revealed significant differences in species composition between Group II and Group III or Group II and Group IV, but no significant differences between other groups. Typical species within-group and discriminating species between groups had a significant influence on the community structure. BIOENV analysis showed that bottom water temperature was the most important environmental factor affecting monthly variations in shrimp community structure in the central waters of Jiaozhou Bay.