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Annual Cycle and Interannual Variability in the Tropical Pacific as Simulated by Three Versions of FGOALS 被引量:3

Annual Cycle and Interannual Variability in the Tropical Pacific as Simulated by Three Versions of FGOALS
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摘要 The seasonal cycle and interannual variability in the tropical oceans simulated by three versions of the Flexible Ocean-Atmosphere-Land System (FGOALS) model (FGOALS-gl.0, FGOALS-g2 and FGOALS- s2), which have participated in phases 3 and 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP3 and CMIP5), are presented in this paper. The seasonal cycle of SST in the tropical Pacific is realistically reproduced by FGOALS-g2 and FGOALS- s2, while it is poorly simulated in FGOALS-gl.0. Three feedback mechanisms responsible for the SST annual cycle in the eastern Pacific are evaluated. The ocean-atmosphere dynamic feedback, which is successfully re- produced by both FGOALS-g2 and FGOALS-s2, plays a key role in determining the SST annual cycle, while the overestimated stratus cloud-SST feedback amplifies the annual cycle in FGOALS-s2. Because of the seri- ous warm bias existing in FGOALS-gl.0, the ocean-atmosphere dynamic feedback is greatly underestimated in FGOALS-gl.0, in which the SST annual cycle is mainly driven by surface solar radiation. FGOALS-gl.0 simulates much stronger ENSO events than observed, whereas FGOALS-g2 and FGOALS- s2 successfully simulate the observed ENSO amplitude and period and positive asymmetry, but with less strength. Further ENSO feedback analyses suggest that surface solar radiation feedback is principally re- sponsible for the overestimated ENSO amplitude in FGOALS-gl.0. Both FGOALS-gl.0 and FGOALS-s2 can simulate two different types of E1 Nifio events -- with maximum SST anomalies in the eastern Pacific (EP) or in the central Pacific (CP) -- but FGOALS-g2 is only able to simulate EP E1 Nifio, because the negative cloud shortwave forcing feedback by FGOALS-g2 is much stronger than observed in the central Pacific. The seasonal cycle and interannual variability in the tropical oceans simulated by three versions of the Flexible Ocean-Atmosphere-Land System (FGOALS) model (FGOALS-gl.0, FGOALS-g2 and FGOALS- s2), which have participated in phases 3 and 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP3 and CMIP5), are presented in this paper. The seasonal cycle of SST in the tropical Pacific is realistically reproduced by FGOALS-g2 and FGOALS- s2, while it is poorly simulated in FGOALS-gl.0. Three feedback mechanisms responsible for the SST annual cycle in the eastern Pacific are evaluated. The ocean-atmosphere dynamic feedback, which is successfully re- produced by both FGOALS-g2 and FGOALS-s2, plays a key role in determining the SST annual cycle, while the overestimated stratus cloud-SST feedback amplifies the annual cycle in FGOALS-s2. Because of the seri- ous warm bias existing in FGOALS-gl.0, the ocean-atmosphere dynamic feedback is greatly underestimated in FGOALS-gl.0, in which the SST annual cycle is mainly driven by surface solar radiation. FGOALS-gl.0 simulates much stronger ENSO events than observed, whereas FGOALS-g2 and FGOALS- s2 successfully simulate the observed ENSO amplitude and period and positive asymmetry, but with less strength. Further ENSO feedback analyses suggest that surface solar radiation feedback is principally re- sponsible for the overestimated ENSO amplitude in FGOALS-gl.0. Both FGOALS-gl.0 and FGOALS-s2 can simulate two different types of E1 Nifio events -- with maximum SST anomalies in the eastern Pacific (EP) or in the central Pacific (CP) -- but FGOALS-g2 is only able to simulate EP E1 Nifio, because the negative cloud shortwave forcing feedback by FGOALS-g2 is much stronger than observed in the central Pacific.
出处 《Advances in Atmospheric Sciences》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2013年第3期621-637,共17页 大气科学进展(英文版)
基金 supported by the"Strategic Priority Research Program Climate Change:Carbon Budget and Relevant Issues"of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDA05110301) the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.40975065) the National Key Program for Developing Basic Sciences(Grant No.2010CB950502)
关键词 annual cycle ENSO coupled GCM air-sea interaction annual cycle, ENSO, coupled GCM, air-sea interaction
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