玉米极早熟品种适宜栽培密度研究

Study on the Adapted Density of Very Early Maturity Corn Hybrids

2009、2010和2011年采用裂区设计方法,以密度为主区,品种为副区,研究我国极早熟玉米生态区适宜栽培密度。结果表明,不同品种间最高产量对应的密度差值在22 500～30 000株/hm2之间,反映了品种间耐密能力不同。试验表明,参试品种密度每公顷增加万株,其平均穗长减少0.23～1.13 cm,秃尖长增加0.008～0.367 cm,平均穗径减少0.003～0.103 cm,平均轴径减少0.007～0.063 cm,平均子粒长减少0～0.023 cm,平均有效株率减少0～2.20%,平均株粒重减少8.4～18.5 g,平均行粒数减少0.89～2.58粒。75 000～105 000株/hm2的高密区间是极早熟品种的适宜密度区间值,远远高于中熟、中晚熟区的先玉335、郑单958等品种。

The adapted plant density of very early hybrid corn in northern China was studied in 2009-2011, and the proposed method was trials design of split plot, plant density as main plot and variety as sub-plot. The results showed that the adapted plant density with the highest yield was from 22 500-30 000 plant/ha. That means the tolerance to high density was much different in tested varieties. Higher yielding was with higher density, but the highest tolerance to density was not the best hybrid. In these trials, when plant density increase 10 000 plant/ha, the average ear length decrease 0.23-1.13 cm accordingly, then, average tip length of ear increase 0.008-0.367 cm, average ear diameter decrease 0.003-0.103 cm, average cob diameter decrease 0.007-0.063 cm, average kernel length decrease 0-0.023 cm, average percentage of available plants decrease 0-2.20%, average kernel weight each plant decrease 8.4-18.5 g, average number of kernel per row decrease 0.89-2.58. Trials results showed that the adapted plant density of very early hybrid corn range 75 000-105 000 plant/ha, much higher than middle or late maturity hybrid corn such as Xianyu335 and Zhengdan958 in China.