中药升降浮沉理论沿革及应用纂要

Evolution and Application of Ascending and Descending Theory in Chinese Medicine

中药升降浮沉理论经过理论的萌芽和实践、金元时期的创立和发展、明清时期的丰富和普及、近现代的研究和认识等4个阶段的发展,成为了中药药性理论的重要组成部分。中药升降浮沉的形成因素包括药物的决定因素和影响因素两方面,药物的气味厚薄、质地等因素决定了药物的升降浮沉,而药物的用药部位、炮制、配伍、特殊性等因素影响药物的升降浮沉。同时,此理论作为临床用药的重要原则,临床应用的主要依据是病因和病机,此外还需考虑病位和病势、四时等因素。因此,中药升降浮沉的临床择药法则为审势择药、顺性选药、适时用药、舟楫载药等,以纠正失调的脏腑功能,达到治疗目的。

Ascending and descending theory founded and developed in the Jin and Yuan Dynasties,enriched and popularized in the Ming and Qing Dynasties and researched and acquired in modern times.It is one of the important parts in Chinese medical theory.The determinants and impact factors are the formative factors in ascending and descending property of Chinese medicine,and the ascending and descending property determines the odor and character of Chinese medicine.The ascending and descending property of Chinese medicine is influenced by its section,process,compatibility and particularity.This theory is the principle for the treatment,while the pathogenesis,location and four seasons should be concerned as well.So the ascending and descending theory can guide the application of Chinese medicine for the treatment of diseases.