1Basil Davidson, The African Past: Chroniclss From Antiquity to Modern Times, London: Longmans 1964.
2Ira M, Lapidus, A History of Islamic Societies, Cambridge University Press, 2002.
3Micheel N, pearson, Port Cities and Intruders: The Swahili Coast, India, and Portugal in the Early Modern Era, The John Hopkins University Press, 1996.
