书报检查、出版法与出版自由——马克思《普鲁士出版法案》管窥

Censorship,Press Law,and Press Freedom:on the Background of the Prussian Publishing Act by Carl Marx

本文研究了马克思《普鲁士出版法案》的撰写背景,认为此文是其出版自由观演进之一环。1848年革命后德国废除书报检查,马克思利用法治环境积极倡言,《普鲁士出版法案》一文便是其中代表。新闻人是马克思大学毕业后的第一个社会职业,莱茵省的自由风气与师长朋友的引介邀约都促成他拿起笔杆。主编《莱茵报》、《新莱茵报》的马克思务实稳健,明显有别于街头的革命者,这也保证报纸能够赢得市场。《新莱茵报》后马克思仅偶然短时主持过几家工人报刊,究其原因或许是精力转移、流亡身份所限,但绝非办报失败所致。

This paper discusses the background of the Prussian Publishing Act and regards it as an important step to Marx＇s view of press freedom. After the abolishment of censorship during the revolution of 1848, Marx became an active advocator. The article is one of his typical works at that time. In the relatively free atmosphere of the Prussian Rhineland, young Marx worked as a journalist after graduating from university, encouraged by his mentors and peers. Completely contrary to a revolutionary stereotype, Marx as the editor of Rheinische Zeitung and Neue Rheinische Zeitung was quite pragmatic. This explains the commercial success of these newspapers. Later on Marx never edited a newspaper as successful as Neue Rheinische Zeitung. The reason may be his shift of attention and the inconvenience caused by the exile rather than his incompetence as a journalist.