医用口罩防护效果研讨

Protective effect of medical masks

目的探讨各类医用口罩的防护效果,确定使用范围,合理选用。方法对各类医用口罩执行的技术标准进行分析,指导医务人员合理选用。结果医用防护口罩有国家技术标准,颗粒过滤效率≥95%,决定其能阻挡经空气传播的直径<5μm的感染因子或近距离接触经飞沫传播的感染因子;医用外科口罩有行业技术标准,对气溶胶的过滤效率>30%,细菌过滤效率>95%;当体液以16.0kPa(120mm Hg)压力喷向口罩外侧面后,口罩内侧面无渗透;普通医用口罩仅对0.3μm直径的气溶胶达到20.0%～25.0%的防护效果。结论医用防护口罩能阻止经空气或飞沫传播的大部分细菌、病毒等病原体,适用于呼吸科传染病区、发热门诊等科室;医用外科口罩可以阻隔大部分细菌和部分病毒,能阻隔血液、体液、分泌物等的喷溅,既能防止医务人员被感染,又能防止医务人员向外界传播病原菌,适用于临床医务人员的基本防护。

OBJECTIVE To investigate the protective effect of various medical masks and determine the scope of use so as to reasonably use the medical masks.METHODS The technical standards of execution of medical masks were analyzed so as to guide the reasonable selection of medical masks.RESULTS The medical protective masks conformed to the technical standards of the state with the particle filtering efficiency more than 95%,determining its ability to prevent the infection factor with the airborne diameter less than 5 micron or the infection factors that spread through the infected droplets via close contact.The surgical masks had the industry technical standards,with the filtration efficiency of aerosol more than less than 30%,bacterial filtration efficiency more than 95%;when the body fluid of 16.0kPa（120 mm Hg） pressure sprayed to mask after mask outside surface,the inner surface was without penetration.The protective effect of the common medical masks could only reache 20%-25% to the 0.3 microns diameter of aerosol.CONCLUSION The medical masks can prevent most of such pathogens as bacteria and viruses that spread through air or droplets,which are suitable in the infectious ward of the department of respiration and the fever outpatient department.The surgical masks can block most of bacteria and some of viruses and block the splash of the blood,body fluid,or secretions,which can not only prevent the medical staff from being infected but block the spread of pathogens through the medical staff so that they are suitable for the basic protection of the medical staff.