中国商事侵权责任法的构建

Construction of Chinese Business Tort Law

商事侵权是商业交易中的侵权行为。商事侵权行为是指在商事活动中,行为人违反法定的或交易习惯上的注意义务侵害他人权利和法益的行为。商事侵权责任法并不是独立于传统民商法的独立法律部门,而是私法的重要组成部分。可以普通的商事侵权行为和特殊领域的商事侵权行为划分为基本框架,确定商事侵权行为的类型。普通的商事侵权行为以侵害的客体为划分标准,包括侵害商事人格权、侵害物权、侵害债权、侵害知识产权和侵害营业权等侵权行为,特殊领域的商事侵权行为则包括公司侵权、证券侵权、产品质量责任、商事欺诈侵权、竞业禁止侵权和侵害消费者权益等无法完全归入普通商事侵权的侵权行为。

Business torts are torts that happen in the course of business transactions. They refer to actions that breach the duty of care of the statutory law or infringe upon the rights or lawful benefits of others. The law of business torts is not a legal department independent of the traditional civil and commercial law; it is rather an important component of the private law. The typology of business torts can be based on the distinction on the different fields of torts. According to the objects of torts, the general business torts include infringement of commercial personality rights, property rights, obligations, IP rights or the right to business. The special torts include torts in corporation, torts in securities, and torts in production liability, torts of business fraud, and torts in conflicts of benefits in labor law, and infringement of rights of consumer.