正统、道统、治统——王船山对于政权合法性来源的思考

Orthodox,Confucian Orthodoxy,Regnant Orthodoxy——Wang Chuanshan's Thinking about the Source of Legitmiacy of Regime

王船山对于政权合法性来源的思考是其政治思想的重要内容,他是在反思批判传统儒家的正统论、道统论的基础上来思考这一问题的。王船山认为"正统"至少要包含两个原则:汉族自己统治中国而"不可使异类间之";以道得天下和治天下而不能"舍君天下之道而论一姓之兴亡"。王船山对"道统"作出了祛魅的解释,认为道统的继任者不应局限于韩愈、朱熹等大儒所例举的圣人,任何自觉践履儒家伦理道德、维护和存续中华文化的人都是道统的继任者;道统具有"孤行而无待"的相对独立性,具有超越时空的"亘天垂地而不可亡"的超越性,体现了王船山对于儒者之统历久弥新的坚定信念、存续中华文化的崇高历史责任感、挺立中华文化主体性的历史使命感。王船山反传统儒家正统论和道统论的思想分别对于辛亥时期的革命家和现代新儒家产生了深远的影响。

Wang Chuanshan＇s thinking about the source of legitmiacy of regime is the important content of Chuanshan＇s political thought.He thougt this issue is recollecting Confucius＇ Orthodox and Confucian orthodoxy.As Orthodox,Wang Chuanshan considered that it must include two principles：Han people ruled China while other ethnic group cannot interrupt it;Han people ruled China by ＂Dao＂ and they could not discuss the prosperity and perishing without ＂Dao＂ of ruling ＂Tianxia＂.As Confucian orthodoxy,Wang Chuanshan considered that the successor of Confucian orthodoxy should not confine several sages mentioned by Hanyu and Liu Zongyuan;all the Chinese practising Confucian ethics and moral and succeeding Chinese culture can be considered the successor of Confucian orthodoxy.Confucian orthodoxy had opposite independent character and transcending character.The thought reflects Wang Chuanshan＇s steady conviction in Confucian orthodoxy,historic responsibility of conserving Chinese culture and historic mission of standing erecting the main body of Chinese culture.Wang Chuanshan＇s thought has influenced the revolutionists of Xinhai and modern new confucianists.