从“证明责任分配”到“证明责任减轻”——论证明责任理论的现代发展趋势

From "the Proof of Responsibility Allocation to "Reducing the Proof Responsibility"——On the Development Trend of the Proof Responsibility Theory

德、日等国在现代民事司法实践中为解决传统证明责任分配理论调整实际证明手段不足这一缺陷,相继发展出"证明责任减轻"理论这一弥补方案。"证明责任减轻"的本质是通过证明行为规则与事实认定规则的功能来尽可能压缩真伪不明的空间,从而减少证明责任裁判的运用。证明责任减轻的方法,包括众多在诉讼证明实践中不通过证明责任方法来对案件事实作出认定的制度技术。证明责任减轻制度的程序内在性与证明责任分配的程序外在性相结合能使司法裁判更好地实现实体公正与程序公正。

In Germany,Japan and other countries,in order to address the shortcoming that the traditional proof of responsibility allocation theory is difficult to adjust the actual proof,successively developed the ＂reducing the responsibility proof＂ to make up for the program.Its essence is to compress the range of ＂fuzzy facts＂ as much as possible through its functions of the proof rules and fact-finding rules,thus reducing the use of the responsibility proof-referee.The methods include so many technology systems to make a determination on the facts of the case in practice realized not by the responsibility proof.The combination of both the procedural-external of the ＂proof of responsibility allocation＂ and the procedural-internal of the ＂Reducing the responsibility proof＂ would enable the judicial decisions to better achieve substantive justice and procedural fairness.