Nakba:现代巴勒斯坦的难民问题与创伤记忆

Nakba:The Refugee Problem and Its Traumatic Memory in Modern Palestine

1948年爆发的第一次中东战争带来几乎不可逆转的双重结果:一方面,取得胜利的以色列国得以巩固并发展;另一方面,战争导致几百万巴勒斯坦人流离失所,难民问题由是产生。巴勒斯坦人并未就此放弃反抗,而是开辟了"第二战场"——用记忆来抗拒占领。"Nakba"作为创伤性集体记忆,逐渐发展为巴勒斯坦人与以色列占领方进行没有硝烟的厮杀与搏斗的有力武器。此种创伤记忆系由难民问题直接而来,而它作为抗争资源又不断强化着难民问题的难以解决。因此,旷日持久的巴以冲突及难民问题不仅具有政治、经济等实际利益的纠葛,而且还夹杂着极为复杂的文化与心理因素。

The first Middle East War broken in 1948 almost brought two irreversible results:on one hand,newly established Israel,the winner,was able to consolidate and develop;on the other hand,the war directly left millions of Palestinians displaced,thus leading to the Refugee Problem.But the Palestinian people,who did not give up their resistance,instead,they started a 'Second Front' ——with memory as weapon to resist Israel's occupation.As a traumatic collective memory,Nakba gradually developed into a powerful tool for the Palestinian to fight in a smokeless battle with the occupier,the State of Israel.The Refugee Problem gave birth to the traumatic memory,which,in turn,made this problem increasingly difficult to solve.Therefore,the protracted Palestine-Israel Conflict and the Refugee Problem not only have something to do with the struggle of political and economic interests,but also some complex cultural and psychological reasons./r/n