任务离岸外包的组织形式:中国的经验

The Organizational Form of the Outwork in Offshore Task:An Experience from China

本文考察为什么异质性的任务会通过不同的组织形式来进行离岸外包。也即,任务是在跨国公司内部进行外包(企业内离岸外包)还是通过分包商进行分包(分包型离岸外包)。我们建立了一个理论模型来研究这个问题。模型预测,较复杂的任务会在跨国公司内部进行离岸外包,而较简单的任务则通过分包形式进行离岸外包。并且随着离岸外包成本的降低,沟通密集型的产业中企业内离岸外包的份额将提高。通过考察在中国设立出口加工区引起的离岸外包组织形式的变化,我们发现:离岸外包成本的降低对非沟通密集型产业而言,企业内离岸外包的份额只受到不显著的影响,相对的,离岸外包成本的下降会使沟通密集型产业的企业内离岸外包份额提高约8个百分点。

We have,in this paper,explored why heterogeneous tasks are off-shored in different organization forms,that is to say,the task is off-shoring within multinational companies(the outwork in offshore task within enterprises) or subcontracting(the outwork in offshore task of the type of subcontracting).We have built a theoretic model to study the problem.By this model,we have predicted that more complex tasks are off-shored within multinational companies while less complex tasks are off-shored through subcontracting,and that,with the deduction of the cost of the outwork in offshore task,the share of enterprise' s outwork in offshore task in the industries of the type of communication -intensive industries will rise.By the exploration into the changes,caused by China's establishment of export processing zones,in the organizational forms of the offshore outwork,we have discovered that,in terms of the effect of the decrease in the cost of the outwork in offshore task,not obvious is the impact on the share of the outwork in offshore task,and that,relatively speaking,the drop of the cost of the outwork in offshore task will make the share of the outwork in offshore task within the enterprises in the communication-intensive industries rise by 8%.