转型经济中企业自主创新能力演化路径及驱动因素分析——海尔集团1984～2013年的纵向案例研究

An Analysis of the Evolution Path to and the Driving Factors of,the Independent Innovation of Enterprises in theTransitional Economy:A Longitudinal Case Study on Haier Group from 1984 to 2013

首先,本研究针对现有研究存在企业自主创新概念界定与划分模糊的问题,基于"能力的本质是知识"的基础观点,从核心技术知识所处边界的角度出发,辨析了二次创新能力、集成创新能力和原始创新能力的关系。其次,针对目前学界缺乏严谨的转型经济中企业自主创新能力演进路径的研究,本文通过对海尔集团的纵向案例研究,分析和归纳了转型背景下的企业自主创新能力演化的路径特征。研究表明:海尔集团作为以技术引进为起点的企业,其自主创新能力演化是以二次创新能力为起点,向集成创新能力过渡,最终走向原始创新能力的动态累积过程。最后,本研究弥补了自主创新能力演进的驱动因素研究不足的问题,提出吸收能力的构建是这种演化模式下的内在基础,历史压力和随机事件在这一过程中起着外部推力的作用。本研究打开了企业自主创新能力及其演进过程的黑箱,联结并深化了动态能力观、演化理论和技术追赶理论,并对转型背景下企业创新与发展具有一定的实践启示。

Firstly,considering the gap on the controversy about the indigenous innovation concept and dimension, based on knowledge-based view of capabilities,this paper differentiated and analyzed secondary innovation capability, integrated innovation capability and original innovation capability.Secondly,according to the lack of current academic research on the evolution path of indigenous innovation capabilities of enterprises under the transition context, this paper analyzes and summarizes the evolution path of indigenous innovation capabilities under the transition context through a longitudinal case study of Haier Group.The results show that:for the enterprise,which introduced technology from outside as a starting point,the evolution path of its indigenous innovation capabilities is starting from secondary innovation capability,and transferring to integrated innovation capacity,and ultimately to original innovation capability.Last but not least,the absorptive capacity is inherent basis in this evolution mode.In addition,the historical pressure and random events in this process play a role of an external thrust.This study opens the black box of indigenous innovation capabilities,and riches dynamic capabilities,technology catch-up and the co-evolution theory as well as provides practical suggestion for firms innovation and development activities under transition context.