大型空间站气闸舱气体复用技术研究

Preliminary Study on Large-size Space Station Airlock Gas Recovery Technology

气体复用技术回收利用了气闸舱出舱活动泄压的大部分气体,对空间站的长期经济运行具有重要意义。文章调研了"国际空间站"气体复用技术,包括美国联合气闸舱及日本实验舱气闸室。重点介绍联合气闸舱气体复用系统组成、硬件设计及性能,并阐述了泄压方式的冗余设计。初探了我国空间站气闸舱气体复用技术,经论证,我国空间站气闸舱气体复用技术拟采用转移抽送的技术原理,与"国际空间站"气闸舱气体复用技术方案有不同特点。探讨了气体复用技术的地面试验方法,对试验条件的影响性进行简要分析总结。文章的技术方案简便可行,可应用于我国空间站的建设。

The gas recovery technology reclaims and utilizes most part of the airlock depressuriza- tion gas which contributes to economically running for a long time. The paper investigates and studies the gas recovery technology of International Space Station（ISS）, including the US. Quest airlock and Japanese experiment module（JEM） airlock（EAL）. It presents the system constitu- tion, hardware design, system performance and redundancy in the Quest airlock primarily. It performs a preliminary study on airlock gas recovery technology for China＇s space station being constructed. By argumentation, a pumping and transferring method is planned to realize gas recovery, but it has a different characteristic comparing to ISS airlock gas recovery technology. The paper discusses the ground test methods of the technology and summarizes the effect function of the test condition briefly in the end. The technology scheme mentioned in this paper is conven- ient and feasible, and can be applied to the construction of China＇s unborn space station.