大城市边缘区乡村旅游地旅游城市化进程研究——以北京市为例

Research on the Tourism Urbanization Process of Rural Tourism Destination in Metropolitan Fringe:A Case of Beijing City

大城市边缘区的乡村旅游地由于其特殊的区位条件和资源禀赋一直以来都是国内外学者关注的重点区域,本文以北京市为例,对北京市边缘区的乡村旅游地进行土地、产业结构、社会结构和乡村景观分析,透视旅游经济作用下乡村旅游地城市化进程。研究发现北京市边缘区乡村旅游地旅游城市化进程主要表现在以旅游用地的递增、耕地面积的缩减和宅基地的流转为特征的土地非农化,以旅游经济上升、外来经营者成为主体以及村民就业形式多元化为特征的经济结构多元化,以乡村人口的外流和乡村聚落的社区化为特征的社会结构解体化以及以现代建筑的入侵和乡村风光的质变为特征的乡村景观破碎化四个方面;北京市边缘区乡村旅游地在城市化进程中形成了乡村嵌入型、城市延伸型和乡村内生型三类典型的发展模式;北京市边缘区乡村旅游地旅游城市化的影响因素,主要有独特的旅游资源禀赋、便利的旅游区位导向、广泛的旅游政策支持和多元化的产业经济背景四个方面。

The rural tourism destination of metropolitan fringe has long been a key research focus due to its unique location and resource endowment. This paper takes Beijing City as an example, and analyzes land, industrial structure, social structure and rural landscape of rural area in Beijing metropolitan fringe in order to study the process of tourism urbanization in rural tourism destination. The research shows that the urbanization process manifests as following four sides： land use conversion mainly characterized by decreased agricultural acreage, transferred house sites, and increased tourism and commerce land; diversifying economic pattern characterized by ascended tourism economy, foreign operators being subjects, and diversified employment forms of local farmers; disintegrated social structure characterized by drained rural population and communized rural settlement; broken rnral landscape characterized by invaded modern architecture and transmuted rural scene. Besides, this paper concludes three typical tourism urbanization modes： village embedding mode, city extending mode and rural endogenying mode. The study indicates the influencing factors of tourism urbanization of rural tourism destination in Beijing fringe which includes redundant rural tourism resources endowment, convenient tourism location, wide policy support from Beijing municipal government and diversified industrial economic background.