基于超效率DEA模型的城市群生态效率研究——以长株潭“3+5”城市群为例

Urban Agglomerations Eco-efficiency Analysis Based on Super-efficienty DEA Model: Case Study of Chang-Zhu-Tan "3+5" Urban Agglomeration

循环经济是区域实现可持续发展的重要模式,生态效率方法是研究循环经济比较适合的定量方法。本文以长株潭"3+5"城市群为研究对象,建立了基于DEA模型的生态效率投入产出指标体系,运用超效率DEA方法测算了各城市2005-2010年的效率,然后利用Malmquist—DEA模型对生态效率进行动态对比研究,最后建立基于面板数据的Tobit模型考察不同因素对效率的影响。实证结果表明:城市群整体生态效率水平比较高,城市间差距较大,长沙作为省会城市生态效率明显处于领先地位。通过运用Malmquist—DEA指数分析结果表明2005-2010年全要素生态效率的增长率TFP值都大于1,年均增长率为12.6%。从增长率的进一步分解表明技术进步是推动生态效率增长率的主要动力,而综合技术效率和纯技术效率的下降是制约TPF提升的瓶颈因素。最后通过对各省生态效率影响因素分析表明产业结构、研发强度对生态效率有显著的正向影响,但引进外资对生态效率的影响是负面的;技术进步则是促进生态效率增长的内在动力。

Circular economy is an important model of regional sustainable development, eco-efficiency approach is a comparatatively appropriate quantitative methods for studying circular economy. Regarding to Chang-Zhu-Tan （Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan） ＂3 ＋5＂ urban agglomeration, this paper firstly establishes the input and output index system of eco-efficieney based on the DEA model, and calculates the efficiency in eight cities from 2005 to 2010 by using super-efficient DEA method, respectively. Then the dynamic comparative study of eco-efficiency has been done by using Malmquist-DEA model. The paper uses super-efficient DEA method to estimate the efficiency of the cities in 2005 - 2010, and finally the Tobit model based on panel data has been developed to study the effect of the efficiency at different factors. The results showed the higher level of holistie eco-efficiency in urban agglomerations the larger differences among cities, Changsha is on the leading position of the provincial capital cities. By using Malmquist-DEA model analysis the results showed that the growth rates of total factor eco-efficiency TFP value are always larger than 1, with an average annual growth rate of 12.6%. The further decomposition of growth rates indicates that the technical progress is the major power to promote the growth rate of eco-efficiency, but the decline of the overall and pure technical efficiency is the bottleneck factor of restricting TPF ascension. At the last, the results of using factor analysis of eco-effieiency in provinces showed that the industrial structures, R＆D strength had a significant positive impact to eeo-effciency, but the introduction of foreign capitals has a negative effect to the ecoeffcieney. The development of technology is the internal driving force to a improvement of the ecological efficiency.