四元数法改善复杂曲面5轴加工精度研究

Improving Machining Precision with Quaternion Interpolation for 5-axis Machining of Sculptured Surface

提出一种新的刀具轴向设计方法,通过使用四元数法进行刀具轴向规划,以解决曲面5轴数控加工中刀具轴向过度依赖曲面几何特征,造成刀轴剧烈变化所引起的切削恶化问题。在被加工曲面上可能发生过切的区域,指定刀具轴向,再由指定的轴向,直接计算出其他位置的轴向,并与其他刀具轴向设计方法进行对比。实际应用结果表明:采用该方法可以很好地提高复杂曲面切削精度、效率,避免过切。

A new tool orientation planning method with quaternion interpolation was proposed, that tool orientations should be varied smoothly along tool paths and be less sensitive to the geometries of the sculptured surface and abrupt changes of tool axes. The main idea of the interpolation was that the user was allowed to specify representative tool-axis directions at certain CC points, and then vector interpolation algorithm was used to calculate the smooth tool-axis directions for the rest of CC points. Experimental results show that using this tool orientation planning, machining efficiency and surface quality are improved, and interferences between tool and part surfaces are avoided.