北京密云水库上游潮河流域土地利用/覆被变化研究

Study on Land Use/Cover Changes in Chaohe River Basin in the Headwaters of Miyun Reservoir in Beijing

土地利用/覆被变化是影响流域生态过程、水文过程以及生态服务功能的重要因素,分析土地利用/覆被变化是开展适应性流域管理的基础。在对潮河流域1979年、1987年、1999年和2009年的4期Landsat卫星遥感影像进行解译的基础上,利用GIS技术和RS技术,建立该流域土地利用/覆被类型空间数据库,定量分析了流域30a来土地利用/覆被动态变化特征,并从自然因素和人类活动两个方面对流域土地利用/覆盖变化的驱动力进行了较为深入的探讨。结果表明:潮河流域土地利用/覆被类型以乔木林地、灌木林地和草地为主。与1979年相比,2009年耕地和草地急剧减少,分别占流域的6.31%和13.28%,而灌木林地和乔木林地急剧增加,分别占流域的41.76%和36.26%,建设用地有所增加,占0.98%,未利用地和水域都有所减少,分别占0.27%和1.14%。流域耕地主要转化为草地和灌木林地,草地转化为灌木林地和乔木林地,灌木林地和乔木林地互相转化,建设用地面积的增长主要来源于耕地。

Land use/cover change （LUCC） is one of the most important factors that effect ecological, hydro- logical processes and thus the ecosystem services at watershed and regional scales. Analysis on spatial struc- ture characteristics of LUCC is the basis to develop adaptive watershed management strategies. Land use/ cover data in the Chaohe River basin from 1979 to 2009 were interpreted from Landsat remote sensing satel- lite images and built by GIS and RS. In addition, the dynamics of land use/cover changes was quantitively explored, and its driving force was deeply discussed from the two aspects of nature and human. Results showed that the woodland, shrubland and grassland were the main land use/cover types in the basin. Com- pared with the data of 1979, in 2009, arable land and grassland decreased sharply, accounting for 6.31% and 13.28% of the basin area, respectively. Shrubland and woodland increased dramatically, accounting for 41.76% and 36.26%. Construction lands increased, accounting for 0.98%. Unused land and water body reduced to 0.27% and 1.14%, respectively. Arable land has been mainly converted to the grassland and shrub- land. Grassland has been shifted into shrubland and woodland. Shrubland and woodland were transformed reciprocally. The increase of construction land mainly originated from arable land.