黄土丘陵区土地利用/覆盖变化对生态承载力的影响——以固原上黄试验区为例

Impact of Land Use/Cover Change on the Ecological Carrying Capacity in Loess Hilly Region——A Case Study in Shanghuang Test Area in Guyuan

提高土地生态效益是黄土丘陵区土地资源利用的关键。基于生态足迹理论,利用生态承载力分析方法,以黄土丘陵区土地利用/覆盖变化为切入点,对上黄试验区1982年、2000年和2010年3个时间序列的生态承载力进行了计算和分析。结果表明:上黄试验区1982年、2000年和2010年的总生态承载力和人均生态承载力分别为242.47,750.53,929.68hm2和0.67,1.47,1.86hm2,呈现出增长趋势,表明上黄试验区土地的生态承载能力进一步增强,其中,生态生产性土地面积的扩大以及单位土地生态生产能力的提高是生态承载力提高的原因,尤其后者是生态承载力提高的关键。本研究为区域土地资源利用对生态环境影响的定量研究提供了一种可行的方法。

Land eco-efficiency is the key of land resources in loess hilly region. Based on the theory of ecologi- cal footprint, and as land use/cover change the breakthrough point in loess hilly area, the ecological carrying capacity analysis method was used to calculate the ecological carrying capacity of Shanghuang experimental area. The results showed that the total ecological carrying capacity in 1982, 2000 and 2010 were 242.47, 750.53, 929.68 hm2 , respectively. Meanwhile, the ecological carrying capacity per capita in 1982, 2000 and 2010 were 0. 67, 1. 47, 1. 86 hm2, respectively, the ecological carrying capacity was growing up year by year, which showed that the ecological carrying capacity of the study area steadily increased. The expansion of productive land area and the improvement of the production of ecological land were the causes, in particular, the latter was the key. This study provides a feasible method of quantitative evaluation of land use impact on the ecological environment.