矿山开采的生态成本

Ecological Cost of Mining

以生态足迹基本方法为基础,构建生态成本计算模型,并应用该模型以某露天矿和地下矿为例估算了2011～2020年的生态成本.研究结果表明,直接经济价值损失和能耗生态成本占矿山总生态成本的比例很大;露天矿山的生态成本远远高于地下矿山,露天矿山单位原矿的生态成本大约是地下矿山单位原矿的生态成本的两倍,主要是露天矿山的直接经济价值损失和复垦成本远远高于地下矿山.对矿山生态成本进行研究与核算,有利于矿山企业加强对生态成本的控制,促使企业更好地履行社会责任,使矿山企业自身的发展与社会的可持续发展结合起来.

Based on the ecological footprint method, a mathematical model was built to calculate the mine ecological cost. The model was applied in an open pit mine and an underground mine to estimate their ecological costs during the production period from 2011 to 2020. The results showed that the direct economic value loss and the ecological cost of the energy consumption have a large proportion in the total ecological cost of the mine. The ecological cost of the open-pit mine is about twice as much as that of the underground mine, which is mainly due to the higher reclamation cost and the loss of the direct economic value. Mine ecological cost studies and cost accounting can help mine operators in exercising better ecological cost control and fulfilling their social responsibilities, which making the mine enterprise＇ s own development consistent with the sustainable development of the whole society.