中国武术师徒传承与学院教育的差异性比较

Differences in Master to Apprentice Inheritance of Chinese Wushu and Higher Education of Wushu

运用文献资料法、专家访谈法、比较分析法,针对中国武术从古代师徒传承到当代学院教育而引发的组织体系、维系关系、技术体现、传授方式、体认路径、技术规范、内容属性等变化的问题展开讨论,并在此基础上对中国武术师徒传承与学院教育进行系统性、相对性的比较研究。从而得出:师徒传承是民间自发的组织体系,它通过模拟血缘维持关系,对武术技术传授没有刻意追求统一与标准。打练结合是体认中国武术技艺的路径,传授方式多采用一对一,相当于精英式的教学,以拳种为传习载体,来感悟其蕴含的传统文化。学院教育则是以政府为主导,依靠约定契约进行技术标准化和武术知识学习。通过套路和散打两种形式对中国武术进行套路艺术化和散打实战化的体认。学院教育采用一对多的教学模式,从而扩大了武术受众群体。

Through literature study,expert interview and comparative analysis,this paper analyzed the organization system,development,techniques,inheritance and content of the Chinese Wushu,with emphasis on the change from master to apprentice inheritance to higher education of Wushu.It was concluded that the former was organized and developed by individuals,passed on through blood relation or master to apprentice.There was no identified stan dard and one to one practice was the major form.Different schools of boxing were most important in practicing and in keeping its culture.Higher education of Wushu was dominated by the government,compiled by technical standard and Wushu knowledge.Wushu routine and Sanda were the two major forms.One teacher usually had many students and competitive Wushu was focused.