织物用阳离子柔软剂的合成及性能研究

Synthesis and properties of fabric cationic softener

以硬脂酸(STA)、三乙醇胺(TEA)为原料合成织物用阳离子柔软剂,探讨了催化剂用量、反应温度、反应时间、反应物配比对酯胺反应进程及单、双、三酯含量的影响;以硫酸二甲酯作为季铵化试剂对季铵化反应进行了优化;采用红外光谱(FTIR)、核磁共振氢谱(1H-NMR)分析了酯胺及最终产物的结构,同时对合成的柔软剂进行了应用性能研究.确定了酯胺合成的最佳反应条件:n(STA)∶n(TEA)=1.8∶1,反应温度180℃,反应时间5 h,催化剂用量0.15%;季铵化最佳反应条件:n(酯胺)∶n(硫酸二甲酯)=1∶0.9,硫酸二甲酯滴加时间为25 min,反应温度82℃,反应时间5 h.

A fabric cationic softener was synthesised using stearic acid （STA） and triethanolamine （TEA） as raw materials. The effect of the amount of catalyst, reaction mole ratio, reaction temperature and time on the esterification was explored. The quaternarization reaction was also optimized using dimethyl sulfate as qua- ternarization agent. The structure and properties of ester amine and final product were characterized by Fouri- er transform infrared spectrometer （FTIR） and ＇H nuclear magnetic rsonance spectroscopy （^1H-NMR）. The appli- cation performances of the synthesized softener were also tested. Ultimately, the optimized conditions of es- ter amine were determined that the reaction temperature was 180 ℃, the mole ratio of STA and TEA was 1.8： 1, the catalyst p-toluenesulphonic acid content was 0.15%, and the reaction time was 5 h. The best quatemariza- tion reaction conditions were determined that the mole ratio of ester amine and dimethyl sulfate was 1：0.9, drop time of dimethyl sulfate was 25 min, reaction temperature was 82 ℃, and the reaction time was 5 h.